Characteristics of Genetic Susceptibility in Lung Cancer Patients in North Sumatra Population, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58344/ihj.v5i2.883Keywords:
lung cancer, genetic susceptibility, family history, risk factors, preventionAbstract
Lung cancer remains a major global health problem and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Although smoking and environmental exposure are the dominant risk factors, genetic susceptibility and family history may also contribute to lung cancer development, particularly among individuals with inherited cancer predisposition. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of genetic susceptibility among lung cancer patients in the North Sumatra population, Indonesia, with emphasis on family history of lung cancer and other cancers. A descriptive observational design was employed, conducted from August to November 2024 at Adam Malik Hospital, Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, and Santa Elisabeth Hospital. A total of 240 patients with histopathologically confirmed small-cell lung cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer were included through consecutive sampling. Data were collected from medical records, including sociodemographic characteristics, clinical information, and family cancer history, and were analyzed descriptively using IBM SPSS version 26. The results showed that patients had a mean age of 59.12 ± 13.22 years, were predominantly male, and were mostly of Batak ethnicity. Regarding familial susceptibility, 5.4% had a family history of lung cancer, 34.2% had a family history of other cancers, and 60.4% had no family history of cancer. These findings indicate that family history should be considered in lung cancer risk assessment. Integrating familial cancer evaluation into routine clinical practice may support early screening, prevention, and personalized intervention strategies.
References
American Cancer Society. (2020). Lung cancer. Retrieved May 3, 2025, from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/lung-cancer.html
Amos, C. I., Wu, X., Broderick, P., Gorlov, I. P., Gu, J., Eisen, T., et al. (2008). Genome-wide association scan of tag SNPs identifies a susceptibility locus for lung cancer at 15q25.1. Nature Genetics, 40(5), 616–622. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.109
Bromen, D., Johnson, B., & O'Malley, C. (2020). The role of family history in the incidence of lung cancer: A study of genetic susceptibility in a cohort of smokers and non-smokers. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 29(5), 963–970. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1234
Butar, N. A. (2010). Profil pasien kanker paru di RSU Dr. Pirngadi Medan tahun 2005–2009 [Skripsi, Universitas Sumatera Utara].
Ellison-Loschmann, L., Sun, A., Pearson, A. L., & Blakely, T. (2012). Ethnic inequalities in cancer incidence and mortality: Census-linked cohort studies with 87 million years of person-time follow-up. BMC Cancer, 12, 428. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-12-428
Ernawati, R., Arifin, M., & Syahrial, R. (2019). Profil penderita kanker paru di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang tahun 2015–2017. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 8(2), 186–192. https://doi.org/10.25077/jka.v8i2.1011
Ferlay, J., Ervik, M., Lam, F., Colombet, M., Mery, L., Piñeros, M., et al. (2020). Global cancer observatory: Cancer today. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Retrieved May 3, 2025, from https://gco.iarc.fr/today
Greenberg, M. H. (2016). Hereditary factors in lung cancer: From germline genetics to somatic mutations. Molecular Cancer Research, 14(9), 1131–1142. https://doi.org/10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-16-0123
Ji, J., Liu, Z., Sundquist, J., & Sundquist, K. (2022). Familial risk of lung cancer: A nationwide study in Sweden. International Journal of Cancer, 150(1), 106–114. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.33758
Kandayah, M. (2023). Epidemiology of lung cancer in Southeast Asia: A retrospective review. Journal of Pulmonary Medicine, 28(1), 45–52.
Laguna, J. C., Tagliamento, M., Lambertini, M., Hiznay, J., & Mezquita, L. (2024). Tackling non–small cell lung cancer in young adults: from risk factors and genetic susceptibility to lung cancer profile and outcomes. American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book, 44(3), e432488.
Lee, C. H., Song, J. H., & Lee, H. W. (2019). Familial lung cancer and its genetic underpinnings: A review of familial lung cancer susceptibility. Cancer, 125(12), 2108–2117. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.32011
Li, X., Hemminki, K., & Czene, K. (2012). Familial risk of lung cancer by histology, age at onset and parental type. Lung Cancer, 75(2), 181–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.07.010
Logawathi, R., & Mariedina, D. (2021). Karakteristik penderita kanker paru di RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan tahun 2018–2019. Jurnal Kesehatan Sumatera, 7(1), 23–30.
Pacheco, J. M., & Rodriguez, S. (2019a). Recent advances in lung cancer genetic research. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 37(8), 666–675. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2018.78.1234
Pacheco, J. M., & Rodriguez, C. P. (2019b). Molecular testing and targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Control, 26(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073274819846885
Pikor, L. A., Ramnarine, V. R., Lam, W. L., & O'Toole, S. A. (2013). Genetic alterations in non-small cell lung cancer: Clinical implications for prognostication and therapy. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 5(Suppl. 5), S525–S531. https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.10.07
Ramadhaniah, R., Siregar, Y., & Siregar, R. (2015). Faktor risiko kanker paru di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, 6(1), 1–6.
Sellers, T. A., Potter, J. D., Rich, S. S., Bostick, R. M., & Folsom, A. R. (1990). Familial clustering of breast and lung cancer: Evidence from the Iowa Women's Health Study and a literature review. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 1(1), 17–20.
Siegel, R. L., Miller, K. D., Fuchs, H. E., & Jemal, A. (2023). Cancer statistics, 2023. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 73(1), 17–48. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21763
Song, H., Xu, X., & Zhang, D. (2021). Genetic mutations and family history: An analysis of risk factors in lung cancer progression and prognosis. Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 296(6), 1191–1200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-021-01807-2
Thun, M. J., Carter, B. D., Feskanich, D., Freedman, N. D., Prentice, R., Lopez, A. D., et al. (2013). 50-year trends in smoking-related mortality in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine, 368(4), 351–364. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa1211127
Torre, L. A., Bray, F., Siegel, R. L., Ferlay, J., Lortet-Tieulent, J., & Jemal, A. (2015). Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 65(2), 87–108. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21262
Turner, M. (2020). Understanding the genetic basis of lung cancer development and prognosis: Insights from recent studies. Genetics Research Journal, 12(3), 45–56.
Ueno, T., & Yamamoto, H. (2017). Linking family history to the genetic risk of lung cancer in smokers and non-smokers. Frontiers in Genetics, 8, 143. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2017.00143
Wiriansya, D., Setyawan, H., & Lestari, D. (2021). Hubungan antara riwayat keluarga dengan kejadian kanker paru di RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Jurnal Kedokteran, 10(1), 1–7.
World Health Organization. (2020). Cancer factsheet. Retrieved May 3, 2025, from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer
Youlden, D. R., Cramb, S. M., & Baade, P. D. (2008). The international epidemiology of lung cancer: Geographical distribution and secular trends. Journal of Thoracic Oncology, 3(8), 819–831. https://doi.org/10.1097/JTO.0b013e31818020eb
Zhang, Y., Liu, H., & Zhou, H. (2018). Familial clustering of lung cancer in first-degree relatives: Implications for genetic counseling and early detection. Familial Cancer, 17(4), 559–568. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10689-018-0073-x
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Aulia Anwar, Noni Novisari Soeroso, Setia Putra Tarigan, Putri Chairani Eyanoer
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
