The Relationship Between Sun Exposure Duration and the Clinical Severity of Melasma in Women of Childbearing Age in Kabun, Rokan Hulu, Riau Province

Veni Ayu Oktaviana; Herlin  Novita Pane; Masdalena  Nasution

doi:10.58344/ihj.v5i3.922

Authors

Veni Ayu Oktaviana Universitas Prima Indonesia
Herlin Novita Pane Universitas Prima Indonesia
Masdalena Nasution Universitas Prima Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58344/ihj.v5i3.922

Keywords:

Melasma, sun exposure, women of childbearing age, MMASI, hyperpigmentation

Abstract

Melasma is a chronic hyperpigmentation disorder that commonly affects women of childbearing age and is influenced by several factors, including sun exposure. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the duration of sun exposure and the clinical severity of melasma among women of childbearing age in Kabun District, Rokan Hulu Regency, Riau Province. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 50 women who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria using a total sampling technique. Sun exposure data were collected using the Sun Exposure Questionnaire (SEQ), while the clinical severity of melasma was assessed using the Modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (mMASI). Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and Spearman’s correlation test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that most participants were aged 30–39 years (94%), had mild melasma (68%), and experienced low to moderate levels of sun exposure (84%). Spearman’s correlation analysis demonstrated no significant relationship between the duration of sun exposure and the clinical severity of melasma (r = -0.080; p = 0.580). Age and a history of hormonal contraceptive use were also not significantly associated with melasma severity. It can be concluded that the duration of sun exposure was not significantly associated with the clinical severity of melasma among women of childbearing age in Kabun District. Further studies involving larger and more heterogeneous populations are recommended to investigate additional risk factors that may influence melasma severity.

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