The Relationship Between Lactic Acid Levels and Mortality in Patients with Sepsis Pneumonia at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan in 2023

Senna Oktora Nasution; Syamsul  Bihar; Ella  Rhinsilva; Rina  Amelia

doi:10.58344/ihj.v5i3.949

Authors

Senna Oktora Nasution Universitas Sumatera Utara
Syamsul Bihar Universitas Sumatera Utara
Ella Rhinsilva Universitas Sumatera Utara
Rina Amelia Universitas Sumatera Utara

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58344/ihj.v5i3.949

Keywords:

Sepsis, Pneumonia, Lactic Acid, Procalcitonin, Mortality

Abstract

Sepsis associated with pneumonia is a critical condition with a high risk of mortality due to systemic inflammation, tissue hypoperfusion, and progressive organ dysfunction. Serum lactate has been widely recognized as an important biomarker of tissue hypoperfusion and altered cellular metabolism, whereas procalcitonin is commonly used as a biomarker of bacterial infection and systemic inflammatory response. However, evidence regarding the prognostic value of these biomarkers in Indonesian tertiary hospitals remains limited. This study aimed to determine the relationship between serum lactate levels and mortality among patients with sepsis associated with pneumonia at H. Adam Malik Hospital in Medan in 2023 and to compare this relationship with that of procalcitonin levels. This analytical study employed a cross-sectional design using medical record data from patients diagnosed with sepsis associated with pneumonia between January and December 2023. A total of 93 patients who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The associations between biomarker levels and mortality were assessed using the chi-square test, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Patients with serum lactate levels >2 mmol/L had a higher mortality proportion (91.9%) than those with levels <2 mmol/L (77.4%). Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant association between serum lactate levels and mortality (p = 0.043). In contrast, procalcitonin levels were not significantly associated with mortality (p = 0.600). Elevated serum lactate levels were significantly associated with mortality among patients with sepsis associated with pneumonia and may have potential value as a prognostic marker. Procalcitonin should be interpreted in conjunction with other clinical parameters rather than as a standalone predictor of mortality. Further prospective studies incorporating serial biomarker measurements are recommended.

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